Rajoy’s eyebrow: The control of facial expressions in interviews and press conferences
Keywords
- Asimetría hemisférica,
- Comunicación no verbal,
- Detección del engaño,
- Emoción,
- Entrevistas,
- Expresión facial,
- Ruedas de prensa
- Emotion,
- Facial expression,
- hemispheric asymmetry,
- press conferences,
- nonverbal communication,
- lie detection,
- interviews
How to Cite
Copyright (c) 2021 José María Martínez Selva
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Abstract
Some years ago, Spanish journalists noticed that the then Prime Minister, Mariano Rajoy, displayed an involuntary contraction of his left eyebrow when taking difficult questions. This paper reviews the data on the role of emotional facial expression and other non-verbal responses in interviews and, particularly, on the most plausible scientific explanation for this non-verbal reaction of the Spanish politician. Spontaneous emotional expressions are more robust on the upper region of the face. The right brain hemisphere is more involved in those emotional expressions taking place on the left side of the face, that are also more pronounced and swift than those observed on the right side. The non-verbal reaction of the Spanish premier was indicative of a spontaneous reaction of unease, but not necessarily of deception. Uncomfortable questions may evoke non-verbal emotional signals that might be useful for journalists in order to address those subjects that are sensitive, or even those leading to deception or dissimulation, and ultimately worth of further questioning.
Downloads
References
- Bond, C. F. y DePaulo, B. M. (2006): «Accuracy of deception judgements. Personality and Social». Psychology Review, 10: 214-234.
- De Paulo, B. M.; Lindsay, J. J.; Malone, B. E.; Muhlenbruck, L.; Charlton, K. y Cooper, H. (2003): «Cues to deception». Psychological Bulletin, 129: 74-118.
- Ekman, P. (2009): Cómo detectar mentiras. Una guía para utilizar en el trabajo, la política y la familia. Barcelona: Paidós.
- Gazzaniga, M. S. (2010): ¿Qué nos hace humanos? La explicación científica de nuestra singularidad como especie. Barcelona: Paidós.
- Guo, H.; Zhang, X.-H.; Liang, J. y Yan, W.-J. (2018): «The dynamic features of lip corners in genuine and posed smiles». Frontiers in Psychology, 9: 202. doi: 10.3389/fpsycg.208.00202.
- Iwase M.; Ouchi Y.; Okada H.; Yokoyama C.; Nobezawa S.; Yoshikawa E.; Tsukada H.; Takeda M.; Yamashita K.; Takeda M.; Yamaguti K.; Kuratsune H.; Shimizu A.; Watanabe Y. (2002): «Neural substrates of human facial expression of pleasant emotion induced by comic films: A PET study». NeuroImage, 17: 758-768.
- Kolb, B. y Whishaw, I. Q. (2006): Neuropsicología humana. 5ª Edición. Madrid: Editorial Médica Panamericana.
- Kriegstein, A. R. y Brust, J. C. M. (2013): «The neurological examination of the patient». En E. R. Kandel; J. H. Schwartz; T. M. Jessell; S. A. Siegelbaum y A. J. Hudspeth (Eds.): Principles of neural science (pp. 1533-1549). Nueva York: McGraw-Hill.
- Krippl, M.; Karim, A. A. y Brechmann, A. (2015): «Neuronal correlates of voluntary facial movements». Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 9: 598. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00598.
- Lee, D. H. y Anderson, A. K. (2017): «Reading what the mind thinks from how the eye sees». Psychological Science, 28: 494-503.
- Levine, T. R.; Clare, D. D.; Blair, J. P.; McCornack, S.; Morrison, K. y Park, H. S. (2014): «Expertise in deception detection involves actively prompting diagnostic information rather than passive behavioral observation». Human Communication Research, 40: 442-462.
- Martínez Selva, J. M. (2005): La psicología de la mentira. Barcelona: Paidós.
- Martínez Selva, J. M. (2008). Manual de comunicación persuasiva para juristas. 2ª edición. Madrid: La Ley.
- Masip. J. (2017): «Deception detection: State of the art and future prospects». Psicothema, 29: 149-159.
- Ormerod, T. C. y Dando, C. J. (2015): «Finding a needle in a haystack: Toward a psychologically informed method for aviation security screening». Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 144: 76-84.
- Proust, M. (1919-1927/1971): En busca del tiempo perdido 3. El mundo de Guermantes. Madrid: Alianza.
- Rinn, W. E. (1984): «The neuropsychology of facial expression: A review of the neurological and psychological mechanisms for producing facial expressions». Psychological Bulletin, 95: 52-77.
- Ross, E. D.; Prodan, C. I. y Monnot, M. (2007): «Human facial expressions are organized functionally across the upper-lower facial axis». The Neuroscientist, 13: 433-446.
- Walczyc, J. J.; Igov, F. P.; Dixon, A. P. y Tcholakian, T. (2013) «Advancing lie detection by inducing cognitive load on liars: A review of relevant theories and techniques guided by lessons from polygraph-based approaches». Frontiers in Psychology, 4: 14. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00014
- Woodward, B. (2005). El hombre secreto. La verdadera historia de «Garganta Profunda». Barcelona: Inédita.