Revista de comunicación política e institucional

No. 45 (2021): The political gap and causes of its growth: the case of Spain
Articles

Gender and age differences in Spanish affective polarization: Who is more polarized?

PDF (Español (España))
Claudia Mayordomo Zapata
University of Murcia

Keywords

  • Polarización afectiva,
  • sesgo de género,
  • grupos de edad
  • Affective polarization,
  • gender gap,
  • age,
  • age bias

How to Cite

Mayordomo Zapata, C. (2021). Gender and age differences in Spanish affective polarization: Who is more polarized?. Más Poder Local, (45), 147-161. Retrieved from https://www.maspoderlocal.com/index.php/mpl/article/view/genero-edad-polarizacion-afectiva-mpl45

Copyright (c) 2021 Claudia Mayordomo Zapata

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Abstract

This paper aims to analyze the affective polarization phenomenon from a two point of views: the gender and the age. Through a bivariate descriptive analysis, statistically significant differences have been found between the different groups. Finally, it is concluded that the older people and women are the most affectively polarized groups, finding that there are age and gender biases in this phenomenon.

PDF (Español (España))

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

  1. Alwin, D. y Krosnick, J. A. (1991): «Aging, Cohorts, and the Stability of Sociopolitical Orientations Over the Life Span». American Journal of Sociology, 97: 169-195. doi: 10.1086/229744
  2. Boxell, L.; Gentzkow, M. y Shapiro, J. (2020): «Cross-Country Trends in Affective Polarization» (N.o w26669; p. w26669). National Bureau of Economic Research. doi: 10.3386/w26669
  3. Cobo, R. (2019): «La cuarta ola feminista y la violencia sexual». Paradigma: revista universitaria de cultura, 22: 134-138.
  4. Dinas, E. (2010): The Impressionable Years: The formative role of family, vote and political events during early adulthood [Thesis]. https://cadmus.eui.eu//handle/1814/14708
  5. Franklin, C. H. y Jackson, J. E. (1983): «The Dynamics of Party Identification». American Political Science Review, 77(4): 957-973. doi: 10.2307/1957569
  6. Freidenberg, F. y Gilas, K. M. (2020): «Neoinstitucionalismo feminista». En K. M. Gilas y L. M. Cruz Parcero (eds.): Construyendo Ciencia Política con perspectiva de género. FCPyS-UNAM.
  7. Gillion, D. Q.; Ladd, J. M. y Meredith, M. (2020): «Party Polarization, Ideological Sorting and the Emergence of the US Partisan Gender Gap». British Journal of Political Science, 50(4): 1217-1243. doi: 10.1017/S0007123418000285
  8. Harteveld, E. (2021): «Fragmented foes: Affective polarization in the multiparty context of the Netherlands». Electoral Studies, 71: 102332. doi: 10.1016/j.electstud.2021.102332
  9. Hernández, E.; Anduiza, E. y Rico, G. (2021): Affective polarization and the salience of elections. Electoral Studies, 69. doi: 10.1016/j.electstud.2020.102203
  10. Huddy, l.; Mason, l. y Aarøe, l. (2015): «Expressive Partisanship: Campaign Involvement, Political Emotion, and Partisan Identity». American Political Science Review, 109(1): 1-17.
  11. Inglehart, R. y Norris, P. (2000): «The Developmental Theory of the Gender Gap: Women’s and Men’s Voting Behavior in Global Perspective». International Political Science Review, 21(4), 441-463. doi: 10.1177/0192512100214007
  12. Inglehart, R. y Norris, P. (2016): «Trump, Brexit, and the Rise of Populism: Economic Have-Nots and Cultural Backlash». SSRN Electronic Journal. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.2818659
  13. Iyengar, S.; Lelkes, Y.; Levendusky, M.; Malhotra, N. y Westwood, S. J. (2019): «The Origins and Consequences of Affective Polarization in the United States». Annual Review of Political Science, 22(1): 129-146. doi: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-051117-073034
  14. Iyengar, S.; Sood, G. y Lelkes, Y. (2012): «Affect, Not Ideology: A Social Identity Perspective on Polarization». Public Opinion Quarterly, 76(3): 405-431. doi: 10.1093/poq/nfs059
  15. Jennings, M. K., y Markus, G. B. (1984). Partisan Orientations over the Long Haul: Results from the Three-Wave Political Socialization Panel Study. The American Political Science Review, 78(4): 1000-1018. JSTOR. https://doi.org/10.2307/1955804
  16. Jennings, M. K. y Markus, G. B. (1984): «Partisan Orientations over the Long Haul: Results from the Three-Wave Political Socialization Panel Study». American Political Science Review, 78(4): 1000-1018. doi: 10.2307/1955804
  17. Kalin, M. y Sambanis, N. (2018): «How to Think About Social Identity». Annual Review of Political Science, 21(1): 239-257. doi: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-042016-024408
  18. Klar, S.; Krupnikov, Y. y Ryan, J. B. (2018): «Affective Polarization or Partisan Disdain?: Untangling a Dislike for the Opposing Party from a Dislike of Partisanship». Public Opinion Quarterly, 82(2): 379-390. doi: 10.1093/poq/nfy014
  19. Knudsen, E. (2021): «Affective Polarization in Multiparty Systems? Comparing Affective Polarization Towards Voters and Parties in Norway and the United States». Scandinavian Political Studies, 44(1): 34-44. doi: 10.1111/1467-9477.12186
  20. Lancaster, C. M. (2020): «Not So Radical After All: Ideological Diversity Among Radical Right Supporters and Its Implications». Political Studies, 68(3): 600-616. doi: 10.1177/00323217 19870468
  21. Lizotte, M. K. (2015): «The Abortion Attitudes Paradox: Model Specification and Gender Differences». Journal of Women, Politics & Policy, 36(1): 22-42. doi: 10.1080/1554477X.201 5.985151
  22. Lizotte, M. K. (2017): «Gender, Partisanship, and Issue Gaps». Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 17(1), 379-405. doi: 10.1111/asap.12144
  23. Martin, G. J. y Yurukoglu, A. (2017): «Bias in Cable News: Persuasion and Polarization». American Economic Review, 107(9), 2565-2599. doi: 10.1257/aer.20160812
  24. McCoy, J.; Simonovits, G. y Littvay, L. (2020): «Democratic Hypocrisy: Polarized citizens support democracy-eroding behavior when their own party is in power». doi: 10.33774/apsa-2020-sk4k9
  25. Ondercin, H. L. (2017).: «Who Is Responsible for the Gender Gap? The Dynamics of Men’s and Women’s Democratic Macropartisanship, 1950–2012». Political Research Quarterly, 70(4): 749-761. doi: 10.1177/1065912917716336
  26. Ondercin, H. L. y Lizotte, M. K. (2021): «You’ve Lost That Loving Feeling: How Gender Shapes Affective Polarization». American Politics Research, 49(3): 282-292. doi: 10.1177/1532673X20972103
  27. Orriols, L. (2021): «La polarización afectiva en España: Bloques ideológicos enfrentados». Agenda global. https://dobetter.esade.edu/es/polarizacion-afectiva
  28. Orriols, L. y León, S. (2021): «Looking for Affective Polarisation in Spain: PSOE and Podemos from Conflict to Coalition». South European Society and Politics. doi: 10.1080/13608746. 2021.1911440
  29. Reiljan, A. (2020). ‘Fear and loathing across party lines’ (also) in Europe: Affective polarisation in European party systems. European Journal of Political Research, 59(2): 376-396. doi: 10.1111/1475-6765.12351
  30. Sears, D. (1983): «The persistence of early political predispositions: The roles of attitude object and life stage». Review of Personality and Social Psychology, 4: 79-116.
  31. Sears, D. O. y Funk, C. L. (1999): «Evidence of the Long-Term Persistence of Adults’ Political Predispositions». The Journal of Politics, 61(1): 1-28. doi: 10.2307/2647773
  32. Sears, D. O. y Valentino, N. A. (1997): «Politics Matters: Political Events as Catalysts for Preadult Socialization». American Political Science Review, 91(1): 45-65. doi: 10.2307/2952258
  33. Spierings, N.; Lubbers, M. y Zaslove, A. (2017): «‘Sexually modern nativist voters’: Do they exist and do they vote for the populist radical right?» Gender and Education, 29(2): 216-237. doi: 10.1080/09540253.2016.1274383
  34. Spierings, N.; Zaslove, A.; Mügge, L. M. y Lange, S. L. de (2015): «Gender and populist radical-right politics: An introduction». Patterns of Prejudice, 49(1-2): 3-15. doi:10.1080/0031322X.2015.1023642
  35. Torcal, M.; Santana, A.; Carty, E. y Comellas, J. M. (2020): «Political and affective polarisation in a democracy in crisis: The E-Dem panel survey dataset (Spain, 2018–2019)». Data in Brief, 32, 106059. doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106059
  36. Wagner, M. (2021): «Affective polarization in multiparty systems». Electoral Studies, 69. doi: 10.1016/j.electstud.2020.102199
  37. Waisbord, S. (2020): «¿Es válido atribuir la polarización política a la comunicación digital? Sobre burbujas, plataformas y polarización afectiva». Revista SAAP, 14(2): 249-279. doi: 10.46468/rsaap.14.2.A1
  38. Young, I. M. (1996): «Vida política y diferencia de grupo: Una crítica del ideal de ciudadanía universal». En: Perspectivas feministas en teoría política. Paidós Ibérica, pp. 99-126.