No 45 (2021): The political gap and causes of its growth: the case of Spain

Summary

Table of Contents

1. Affective Polarization: A Trendy Phenomenon.
2. Affective Polarization, Negative Partisanship, and Perceptual Gap: A Theoretical Approach.
3. Affective Polarization in Spain.
4. Affective Polarization Regarding Political Elites.
5. Citizens' Polarization on Positional Issues in Spanish Politics.
6. False Perception about Others' Beliefs: Cause or Consequence of Affective Polarization?
7. Territorial Identity and Affective Polarization in Spain: A Proposed Analysis.
8. The Emergence of Populist Parties as an Explanation for the Increase in Political Polarization in Spain.
9. Religious Sentiments and Political Polarization.
10. Gender and Age Differences in Spanish Affective Polarization: Who is More Polarized?
11. Annex: National Polarization Survey.